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Key Definitions in Engine Mechanics

Apr. 09, 2026

Top Dead Center (TDC) and Bottom Dead Center (BDC)

When the piston moves in the cylinder, the highest position of the piston crown in the cylinder is called Top Dead Center (TDC); the lowest position of the piston crown in the cylinder is called Bottom Dead Center (BDC).


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Piston Stroke

The minimum linear distance between the top and bottom dead centers is called the piston stroke, usually denoted byS. The minimum linear distance from the connection center of the crankshaft and the big end of the connecting rod to the rotation center of the diesel generator set crankshaft is called the crank radius.

 

Working Volume

The cylinder volume swept by the piston from top dead center to bottom dead center is called the cylinder working volume (or piston displacement).

 

Compression Ratio

After the gas is inhale into the cylinder, it fills the entire cylinder, that is, it occupies the total cylinder volume, which includes the combustion chamber volume and the cylinder working volume. The compression ratio indicates the multiple by which the volume of air (or mixture) in the cylinder is reduced after compression, and also indicates the degree to which the gas is compressed. The larger the compression ratio, the more the gas is compressed when the piston moves, the higher the temperature and pressure of the gas, and the higher the efficiency of the diesel engine.

 

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