Characteristics and Rules of Diesel Engine Load

1. Diesel Engine Load Characteristics

Diesel engine load characteristics refer to the relationship between other main performance parameters and the load when the diesel engine speed remains constant. Since the speed is constant, effective power can be used to measure the load. In the engine debugging process, load characteristics are often used as the standard for performance comparison. The load of a diesel engine usually refers to the magnitude of its resistance torque. Since the mean effective pressure is proportional to the torque, the mean effective pressure is usually used to represent the load. The working state of a diesel engine is determined by its speed and load.

In addition, under constant speed conditions, the load characteristics show the relationship between engine load and fuel consumption rate. Therefore, it has special significance for fixed engines whose load varies greatly but speed remains basically constant. If load characteristic curves under a series of different speeds are measured from the engine, the most economical working condition for fixed or mobile engines can be selected.

During the operation of a diesel engine, the air volume does not change much. The load of the diesel engine is mainly adjusted by changing the fuel supply per cycle to alter the concentration of the mixture, i.e., the excess air coefficient. That is to say, the diesel engine mainly changes the load by changing the position of the fuel injection pump control rod and increasing or decreasing the fuel supply.

2. Diesel Engine Load Rules

When a diesel engine operates according to load characteristics, certain parameters change with the load. An increase in the load of a diesel engine means an increase in the fuel supply per cycle, so the fuel consumption g increases with the increase of the load, and the excess air coefficient a decreases with the increase of the load; the increase in fuel supply and heat release causes the exhaust gas temperature tr to increase with the increase of the load.

The exhaust smoke increases with the increase of the load, but it increases slowly at low load. At low load, the smoke is very small and cannot be seen with the naked eye, so it is usually considered as no exhaust smoke; when the load is high, the smoke volume increases rapidly. When the power is close to the maximum power, the mixture formation and combustion are incomplete, and the exhaust smoke increases rapidly. At this time, the fuel consumption g also increases rapidly. The thermal load of components such as pistons and cylinder heads also increases rapidly. If the fuel supply continues to increase, the diesel engine will emit a large amount of black smoke from the exhaust, but the power will decrease. Therefore, diesel engines have a smoke limit. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of the diesel engine, it is not allowed to operate under the smoke limit.

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