Characteristics and Power Selection of Emergency Diesel Generators

Two Characteristics of Emergency Diesel Generators

First, it is used for emergency purposes, with a short continuous operation time, generally only needing to run for a few hours (≤12H).

Second, it serves as a backup power source. The emergency generator set is usually in a shutdown waiting state. It will only start and operate to supply power to emergency loads when the main power source fails and is cut off. It will switch off immediately after the main power source returns to normal.

Power Selection Rules for Emergency Diesel Generators

In modern general civil buildings, diesel generators serve as a backup power source for fire-fighting loads in case of fire and for important loads during normal times. The capacity of the diesel generator must first meet the requirements of the stable calculated load, including both fire-fighting loads and guaranteed loads. The power range of diesel generator sets from Guangxi Dingbo Power is 30KW - 2000KW.

As a fire-fighting load, it is usually used as a backup power source for fire-fighting electrical equipment. Once the mains power is cut off, the generator set will start immediately. In case of general power outages in non-fire emergency situations, the backup power supply is also required for loads such as domestic water pumps, passenger elevators, power for hotel kitchen equipment, and lighting in star-rated guest rooms (referred to as guaranteed loads). If the generator is designed only to carry fire-fighting loads such as emergency lighting and cannot cover the guaranteed loads, it will lead to idle operation of the unit and waste of resources.

Therefore, when designing the low-voltage power distribution system, on the premise of meeting the needs of fire-fighting loads, the power supply of the generator to the guaranteed loads can be considered in case of power outages rather than fires. One approach is to connect the guaranteed loads to the emergency busbar section of the generator in a centralized manner. In case of a fire, the main switch of the guaranteed loads (except passenger elevators) will be shunt tripped by the fire confirmation signal. In short, the fire-fighting loads and guaranteed loads should be calculated separately. When determining the capacity of the generator set, the requirements of the fire-fighting loads should be met first, and then the corresponding guaranteed loads should be connected according to the requirements of the construction party.

Dingbo Power, a generator manufacturer, recommends that in general cases, the selected diesel generator set should have a power greater than 0.8 times the required output power. Because the actual operating power of the generator set is 0.8 times of its rated power. This can not only ensure that the generator set does not operate under overload but also avoid long-term low-load operation, thereby extending the service life of the diesel generator set. In addition, diesel generator sets are non-continuous operation power generation equipment. If they operate continuously for more than 12 hours, their output power will be about 90% lower than the rated power. If the user needs to use the generator set continuously for a long time, a continuous-duty generator set should be configured, which means that the power reduction of the unit during long-term operation should be taken into consideration.

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